Change of Residence After 24 February 2022

A study by the OPORA Civil Network

Published

September 18, 2026

by Andrii Savchuk

Change of residence
after 24 February 2022

This dashboard draws on aggregated data from the mobile operator Vodafone, information from the State Voter Register and the OPORA Civil Network's own calculations to illustrate the key migration trends.

This dashboard presents an analytical study of migration patterns in Ukraine following the outbreak of the full-scale invasion on 24 February 2022. It is based on an analysis of aggregated, anonymised data on the movements of Vodafone mobile subscribers, information from the State Voter Register and the OPORA Civil Network’s own calculations.

The objective of the study was to quantitatively assess population movement after 24 February 2022, and to evaluate the feasibility of updating the State Voter Register to reflect the actual distribution of Ukrainian citizens amid the migration crisis caused by Russia’s armed aggression.

KEY FIGURES
1.2M people changed their region of residence within Ukraine.
Kyiv and the Lviv Region lead in population growth.
The eastern regions record the largest migration outflow.
5.2M people left the country.
640k people changed district within their own region.
482 unique migration routes were recorded.
Migration affected every region covered by the study.
In total 8.3% of subscribers changed their location.

Ukraine is facing the worst demographic crisis in Europe since the Second World War, while the State Voter Register (the Register) still rests on a pre-war picture of migration. The figures below illustrate the scale of the challenge for post-war elections.

SCALE OF THE CHALLENGE
4–7 million Ukrainians were forced to flee abroad, mostly to European countries.
4.6 million internally displaced persons are officially registered in Ukraine.
34.1 million voters were recorded in the Register as of 30 April 2026.
1.46 million (4.3%) records in the Register have no electoral address at all.
~7.5 million voters are formally registered in temporarily occupied territory.
42,000 voters aged 100+ in occupied territory, and over 1,000 aged 115+.

It is quite clear that without a thorough update of the Register, active voter registration abroad, and coordination with local IDP registers and the State Border Guard Service’s border-crossing register, the first post-war elections risk taking place with a predictably low actual turnout.

This dashboard offers one of the first systematic quantitative assessments of the discrepancies between the official data of the State Voter Register and actual voter migration since 2022.

Subscribers who moved
8.3%
Inter-regional moves
1.2M
Within own region
640k
Top receiving region
Kyiv City
Routes analysed
482

The scale of internal displacement

The OPORA Civil Network analysed the movements of over 10.8 million Vodafone subscribers who, as of 23 February 2022 and 1 March 2026, were located within the area covered by the analysis. The findings show that around 8.3% of them changed their place of residence within the country.

To obtain nationwide estimates, the results of the analysis and subscriber behaviour were extrapolated to the subscriber base of all mobile operators in Ukraine.

On that basis, 1.2M people changed their permanent region of residence within the country. A further 640k moved within the same region, changing district but staying in their home region.

The geography of these movements covers 482 unique routes along which population flows between regions and districts were studied.

It is worth noting that these migration figures should be treated as a conservative estimate. The actual scale of movement is most likely higher.

First, a significant part of the country is excluded from the internal-migration analysis: the Donetsk, Luhansk, most of the Kherson and Zaporizhzhia Regions, part of the Kharkiv Region, and the areas bordering Russia and Belarus. These are precisely the territories with the largest population outflow.

Second, a substantial share of movements is excluded for other, largely technical reasons. The analysis does not capture people without a phone or who rarely use one, those who switched operator or stopped using their SIM card, and subscribers who migrated abroad or moved from a covered region into one of the excluded zones described above and set out in the methodology.

Migration between regions

At least 1.2 million changes of permanent residence were recorded over the period studied. The largest inflow was registered in Kyiv City (58k), Kyiv Region (35k), Lviv Region (32k) and Zakarpattia Region (27k). In effect, these regions became major destinations for internally displaced people.

The largest migration outflow, by contrast, came from Kharkiv Region (−102k), Zaporizhzhia Region (−28k) and Mykolaiv Region (−22k) — all of which border the zone of active hostilities.

In relative terms, the highest growth rates were recorded in the Zakarpattia (+154%) and Chernivtsi (+100%) Regions. Change here is calculated as the ratio of the net balance to departures: (Arrivals − Departures) ÷ Departures × 100%. In other words, +100% means that twice as many people arrived as left.

The largest number of departures is recorded in Kyiv City — 199k people. The largest number of arrivals is in Kyiv City (256k people). The gap between the two (net migration) is shown in the table.

⚠️ Because methodological limitations make it impossible to capture the population outflow from the Donetsk, Luhansk and Kherson Regions, the figure of “−102k” for the Kharkiv Region is only the visible “tip” of the outflow from the east of the country.

The map shows net migration for each region as a percentage. Green marks population growth, red marks outflow. Regions shaded grey are not covered by the analysis because of data limitations.

Region

Departures

Arrivals

Net migration

Change, %

Trend

Zakarpattia Region

17.8k

45.2k

27.4k

+154%

Inflow

Chernivtsi Region

16.6k

33.2k

16.6k

+100%

Inflow

Odesa Region

33.9k

54.1k

20.1k

+59%

Inflow

Lviv Region

64.3k

96k

31.7k

+49%

Inflow

Ivano-Frankivsk Region

34.1k

49.3k

15.2k

+45%

Inflow

Kirovohrad Region

25.6k

34.4k

8.8k

+34%

Inflow

Kyiv City

198.7k

256.5k

57.8k

+29%

Inflow

Kyiv Region

147.1k

181.6k

34.5k

+23%

Inflow

Rivne Region

28.9k

35.2k

6.3k

+22%

Inflow

Poltava Region

48.6k

58.8k

10.2k

+21%

Inflow

Cherkasy Region

41.1k

38.1k

-3.1k

-7%

Outflow

Volyn Region

26.8k

24k

-2.8k

-10%

Outflow

Zhytomyr Region

45.5k

38.9k

-6.6k

-15%

Outflow

Dnipropetrovsk Region

64k

51.7k

-12.4k

-19%

Outflow

Ternopil Region

32.9k

24.9k

-8k

-24%

Outflow

Sumy Region

39.3k

29.5k

-9.8k

-25%

Outflow

Vinnytsia Region

50.1k

37.5k

-12.7k

-25%

Outflow

Chernihiv Region

35.2k

25.1k

-10.1k

-29%

Outflow

Khmelnytskyi Region

40.1k

28.6k

-11.4k

-29%

Outflow

Mykolaiv Region

43k

20.9k

-22.1k

-51%

Outflow

Zaporizhzhia Region

44.5k

17k

-27.5k

-62%

Outflow

Kharkiv Region

148.1k

45.9k

-102.2k

-69%

Outflow

Intra-regional migration

Intra-regional migration covers movements within a single region (in this study, between districts). Relative mobility is calculated as a share of the pre-war subscriber sample in each region.

The Lviv Region leads on every measure, accounting for over 22% of all intra-regional movements in Ukraine. The high level of activity in the Kharkiv Region (15%) and the Dnipropetrovsk Region (13%) may point to intense population turnover inside large frontline regions, where people look for safer communities within their own region.

The map shows the intensity of intra-regional mobility as a percentage of all residents. Regions shaded grey are not covered by the analysis because of data limitations.

Intra-regional movements, % of the national total
01
Lviv Region22.2%
142.2k
02
Kharkiv Region15.0%
95.8k
03
Dnipropetrovsk Region13.1%
83.8k
04
Kyiv Region6.7%
42.7k
05
Zhytomyr Region5.8%
37.1k
06
Odesa Region5.6%
36.1k
07
Vinnytsia Region4.5%
29.1k
08
Zakarpattia Region3.9%
25.1k
09
Ivano-Frankivsk Region3.6%
23.2k
10
Volyn Region3.5%
22.6k
11
Poltava Region3.3%
21.3k
12
Chernivtsi Region1.8%
11.6k
13
Rivne Region1.8%
11.3k
14
Mykolaiv Region1.6%
10.2k
15
Cherkasy Region1.6%
10k
16
Kirovohrad Region1.4%
9k
17
Ternopil Region1.3%
8.2k
18
Chernihiv Region1.3%
8.2k
19
Sumy Region1.1%
7.2k
20
Khmelnytskyi Region0.8%
5.2k
01
Kyiv City → Kyiv Region97 468
7.9%
02
Kyiv Region → Kyiv City87 295
7.1%
03
Kharkiv Region → Kyiv City31 315
2.6%
04
Kharkiv Region → Poltava Region20 487
1.7%
05
Kharkiv Region → Lviv Region15 341
1.3%
06
Mykolaiv Region → Odesa Region14 422
1.2%
07
Zhytomyr Region → Kyiv City13 752
1.1%
08
Chernihiv Region → Kyiv City13 483
1.1%
09
Dnipropetrovsk Region → Kyiv City11 685
1%
10
Poltava Region → Kyiv City11 454
0.9%

Route

People

Share, %

Kyiv City → Kyiv Region

97.5k

23.4%

Kyiv Region → Kyiv City

87.3k

21%

Kharkiv Region → Kyiv City

31.3k

7.5%

Kharkiv Region → Poltava Region

20.5k

4.9%

Kharkiv Region → Lviv Region

15.3k

3.7%

Mykolaiv Region → Odesa Region

14.4k

3.5%

Zhytomyr Region → Kyiv City

13.8k

3.3%

Chernihiv Region → Kyiv City

13.5k

3.2%

Dnipropetrovsk Region → Kyiv City

11.7k

2.8%

Poltava Region → Kyiv City

11.5k

2.7%

Ivano-Frankivsk Region → Lviv Region

11.4k

2.7%

Kharkiv Region → Kyiv Region

10.7k

2.6%

Cherkasy Region → Kyiv City

10.6k

2.6%

Kharkiv Region → Dnipropetrovsk Region

10k

2.4%

Lviv Region → Ivano-Frankivsk Region

9.8k

2.4%

Zaporizhzhia Region → Kyiv City

9.7k

2.3%

Kyiv City → Zhytomyr Region

9.7k

2.3%

Vinnytsia Region → Kyiv City

9.6k

2.3%

Kyiv City → Lviv Region

9.1k

2.2%

Zhytomyr Region → Kyiv Region

8.9k

2.1%

Gender and social status

The gender breakdown shows an almost even split between women and men among internal migrants: 49.8% against 47.3% respectively. For around 2.8% of people gender could not be determined.

Over 75% of migrants belong to the economically active population: 70% are employees and a further ~5% are self-employed. Young people make up a significant share of the displaced (15.1%), including university students and schoolchildren who may require additional educational infrastructure in their new places of residence.

The largest group of displaced people (employees) is almost perfectly gender-balanced, with a slight male majority. Other categories are clearly differentiated: 70% of the self-employed are men, whereas among pensioners and the “Other” group women account for 80–85%. The youth segment is uneven too: women predominate among university students (60%), while boys predominate among schoolchildren.

Employee
70%
University student
11.9%
Pensioner
8.6%
Self-employed
5.1%
Schoolchild
3.2%
Other
1.2%
Employee

Route heat map

Kyiv is the main magnet for the surrounding regions. In particular, 59.4% of all departures from the Kyiv Region and 38.3% from the Chernihiv Region head straight to Kyiv. The picture is similar in the Zhytomyr Region, where the capital accounts for 30.3% of the region’s entire outbound migration flow. The share is somewhat lower for the Cherkasy and Poltava Regions — 25.9% and 23.6% respectively.

Residents of the west and the south have their own key hubs. 33.5% of migrants from the Ivano-Frankivsk Region choose the Lviv Region. In the south, the same share of departures from the Mykolaiv Region (33.5%) goes to the Odesa Region.

In most regions there is a single “dominant” direction that takes over 20–30% of everyone relocating.

High percentages are also common between neighbouring regions, which points to low long-distance mobility for a significant part of the population (for example, Volyn → Rivne — 21.5%, Volyn → Lviv — 21%, Chernivtsi → Ivano-Frankivsk — 19.6%).

The heat map is an interactive matrix that puts every migration route in the country on a single screen: rows are the region of departure, columns the region of arrival. Switching modes lets you look at large flows in thousands of people, at the relative popularity of destinations in percentages, or at hidden links via a logarithmic scale.

Destination region →

How to read it: a row is the region of departure, a column is the region of arrival, and colour shows the intensity of the flow. Hover over a cell for route details.

Destination region →

How to read it: a row is the region of departure, a column is the region of arrival, and colour shows the intensity of the flow. Hover over a cell for route details.


Top status: Employee
89.9%
Left the country
5.2M
Top region of departure
Lviv Region
Peak year: 2022
46.2%

Trend by year

The study indicates that around 5.2 million Ukrainians moved their permanent residence abroad between 2022 and 2025. Almost half of these departures occurred in 2022, when 2.4M people left the country after the start of the full-scale invasion — 46.2% of all migrants over the period analysed.

It is currently impossible to establish exactly how many of those who migrated have returned — for example, with a different SIM card from Vodafone or another operator. Even so, the data supports one conclusion: after the 2022 peak, annual outflows stabilised at 0.86–0.99 million people, yet migration from Ukraine has not ceased — it has entered a “protracted, ongoing phase”.

By region

The largest number of people left the country from the Lviv Region (around 763,000) — owing to its geographical proximity to the EU border and its developed border-crossing infrastructure. It is worth noting that those leaving this region may also have included displaced people who had earlier moved to the Lviv Region from elsewhere in Ukraine and for whom it served only as a temporary refuge.

The Donetsk Region records 285,500 departures over the entire period, 80% of them (227,600) in 2022. The Luhansk Region shows 197,600 departures in 2022, but data for subsequent years are no longer available. This reflects not an end to migration itself, but the actual security situation, hostilities and the loss of any ability to observe subscriber movements after the occupation.

Note that these regions appear in the outward-migration statistics but not in the internal-migration blocks because the methodological restrictions differ: they were not applied to departures abroad.

Region

2022

2023

2024

2025

Total

Lviv Region

296.1k

173.3k

163.7k

129.9k

763.0k

Kyiv City

107.1k

75.0k

94.5k

60.3k

336.9k

Kharkiv Region

143.7k

47.4k

58.0k

51.7k

300.8k

Odesa Region

97.4k

72.0k

70.2k

59.7k

299.3k

Vinnytsia Region

135.8k

49.8k

61.2k

47.0k

293.8k

Donetsk Region

227.6k

30.7k

22.2k

5.0k

285.5k

Zakarpattia Region

117.6k

44.9k

46.8k

65.1k

274.4k

Dnipropetrovsk Region

120.6k

47.5k

47.3k

50.9k

266.3k

Khmelnytskyi Region

99.1k

41.8k

54.1k

34.4k

229.4k

Ternopil Region

81.0k

53.1k

45.8k

35.8k

215.7k

Luhansk Region

197.6k

0.0k

0.0k

0.0k

197.6k

Ivano-Frankivsk Region

74.5k

37.0k

40.0k

36.3k

187.8k

Kyiv Region

64.9k

32.2k

35.8k

31.3k

164.2k

Zaporizhzhia Region

109.4k

17.6k

19.2k

15.9k

162.1k

Zhytomyr Region

50.1k

30.1k

34.8k

34.9k

149.9k

Chernivtsi Region

50.9k

28.3k

31.0k

31.5k

141.7k

Kherson Region

113.7k

13.8k

5.1k

5.6k

138.2k

Volyn Region

50.5k

27.9k

26.9k

26.8k

132.1k

Cherkasy Region

55.2k

22.2k

27.1k

23.9k

128.4k

Rivne Region

40.0k

25.0k

30.4k

28.8k

124.2k

Mykolaiv Region

46.1k

15.3k

17.1k

22.7k

101.2k

Poltava Region

37.5k

13.5k

16.7k

18.4k

86.1k

Sumy Region

31.0k

13.8k

19.5k

17.7k

82.0k

Kirovohrad Region

29.6k

11.3k

11.3k

14.6k

66.8k

Chernihiv Region

16.4k

8.5k

14.0k

12.0k

50.9k

Profile of migrants abroad

Among migrants abroad, the largest share by social status is Employee — 77.1% of the total. The 35–49 age group predominates: the most economically active part of the population.

Employee
77.1%
Unknown
14.2%
University student
4%
Self-employed
1.7%
Schoolchild
1.5%
Pensioner
1.1%
Other
0.4%
Employee

Demographic profile: internal vs cross-border displacement

Those who leave the country are predominantly of working age, whereas more vulnerable groups (pensioners, university students, schoolchildren) are more likely to move within the country.

The economically active (employees + self-employed) make up 78.8% of migrants abroad against 75.1% of internal migrants. Young people (university students + schoolchildren) account for 5.5% against 15.1%. Among pensioners who left the country, around 78% are women — consistent with the demographic structure and with the restrictions on men aged 18–60 leaving the country.

Changed electoral address
1.9M
Within own region
1.4M
To another region
500k
Stayed in own region
73.3%

The overall picture

According to the State Voter Register, as of mid-January 2026 1.9M people had changed their electoral address, 73.3% of them within the same region.

The largest inflow of voters went to Kyiv Region, while the largest outflow was recorded in Donetsk Region. The top three regions by volume of intra-regional movement are Dnipropetrovsk Region, Vinnytsia Region and Lviv Region. Among inter-regional departures, most people left Kyiv City, Overseas Constituency and Kyiv Region.


Net official address changes by region

The map shows the Register’s net migration for each region as a percentage. Blue marks an inflow of voters, red an outflow. Regions shaded grey are not covered by the analysis.

Region

Departures

Arrivals

Net migration

Change, %

Trend

Kyiv Region

34.6k

63.5k

28.9k

+83%

Inflow

Ivano-Frankivsk Region

10.9k

19.1k

8.3k

+76%

Inflow

Zakarpattia Region

9.1k

13.8k

4.8k

+52%

Inflow

Ternopil Region

10k

13.9k

3.9k

+39%

Inflow

Odesa Region

15.9k

21.7k

5.8k

+37%

Inflow

Khmelnytskyi Region

14.1k

19.3k

5.2k

+37%

Inflow

Chernivtsi Region

7.1k

9.7k

2.6k

+37%

Inflow

Volyn Region

9.1k

12.4k

3.3k

+36%

Inflow

Cherkasy Region

15.6k

20.3k

4.7k

+30%

Inflow

Poltava Region

13.6k

17.5k

3.8k

+28%

Inflow

Rivne Region

13.9k

16.4k

2.5k

+18%

Inflow

Dnipropetrovsk Region

24.6k

26.9k

2.3k

+9%

Inflow

Lviv Region

24.6k

25.9k

1.3k

+5%

Inflow

Zhytomyr Region

19.7k

20.8k

1.1k

+5%

Inflow

Kirovohrad Region

13k

13.3k

0.3k

+2%

Inflow

Chernihiv Region

13.7k

13.7k

0.1k

0%

Inflow

Vinnytsia Region

17.6k

17.4k

-0.2k

-1%

Outflow

Kyiv City

69.7k

64.3k

-5.4k

-8%

Outflow

Mykolaiv Region

13.5k

11.5k

-2k

-15%

Outflow

Sumy Region

11.4k

9.6k

-1.9k

-16%

Outflow

Overseas Constituency

59.6k

44.9k

-14.7k

-25%

Outflow

Kharkiv Region

23.9k

15k

-8.9k

-37%

Outflow

Zaporizhzhia Region

13.6k

5.3k

-8.3k

-61%

Outflow

Donetsk Region

22.3k

3.7k

-18.6k

-83%

Outflow

Sevastopol City

0.5k

0k

-0.5k

-100%

Outflow

AR Crimea

2.2k

0k

-2.2k

-100%

Outflow

Kherson Region

7.3k

0k

-7.3k

-100%

Outflow

Luhansk Region

8.7k

0k

-8.7k

-100%

Outflow


Within the region vs to another region

The largest volume of movement within a single region was recorded in the Dnipropetrovsk Region. 73.3% of official electoral-address changes took place within the person’s own region; 26.7% were inter-regional.


Top 10 inter-regional routes (Register)

Six of the ten leading official routes are linked to the Overseas Constituency (OC). This indicates that movement in that direction is significant, yet official changes of electoral address towards “abroad” barely happen at all — the OC’s net balance is in fact negative (−14,700).

Taken together, the ten most intensive routes account for just 16.4% of all officially registered changes. The bulk of movement is spread across more than 480 pairs of regions, with figures ranging from a few hundred to several thousand people. The share of the single largest route (Kyiv City – Kyiv Region) is only 5% of the total volume.

The mobility officially recorded in the Register is therefore highly fragmented: migration is not concentrated along a limited number of vectors but is decentralised, represented by hundreds of local flows between different regions. This lends further weight to the argument that the Register poorly reflects actual movement: Ukraine does have regions that became hubs for displaced people, but those hubs are not reflected in the official routes for changing an electoral address.

Note separately that AR Crimea, Sevastopol, and the Kherson and Luhansk Regions show a change of −100% — the Register records zero arrivals while still showing departures. This is a vivid illustration of legal inertia regarding the temporarily occupied territories.

01
Kyiv City → Kyiv Region24 848
5%
02
Kyiv Region → Kyiv City14 659
2.9%
03
Overseas Constituency → Lviv Region7 227
1.4%
04
Overseas Constituency → Zakarpattia Region6 189
1.2%
05
Overseas Constituency → Ivano-Frankivsk Region5 391
1.1%
06
Kyiv City → Zhytomyr Region5 235
1%
07
Overseas Constituency → Kyiv City5 119
1%
08
Kyiv City → Cherkasy Region4 818
1%
09
Zakarpattia Region → Overseas Constituency4 595
0.9%
10
Kyiv City → Overseas Constituency4 585
0.9%

Route

People

Share, %

Kyiv City → Kyiv Region

24.8k

5%

Kyiv Region → Kyiv City

14.7k

2.9%

Overseas Constituency → Lviv Region

7.2k

1.4%

Overseas Constituency → Zakarpattia Region

6.2k

1.2%

Overseas Constituency → Ivano-Frankivsk Region

5.4k

1.1%

Kyiv City → Zhytomyr Region

5.2k

1%

Overseas Constituency → Kyiv City

5.1k

1%

Kyiv City → Cherkasy Region

4.8k

1%

Zakarpattia Region → Overseas Constituency

4.6k

0.9%

Kyiv City → Overseas Constituency

4.6k

0.9%

Zhytomyr Region → Kyiv City

4.5k

0.9%

Kyiv City → Chernihiv Region

4.3k

0.9%

Lviv Region → Overseas Constituency

4.3k

0.9%

Zhytomyr Region → Kyiv Region

4.3k

0.9%

Mykolaiv Region → Odesa Region

4k

0.8%

Overseas Constituency → Ternopil Region

4k

0.8%

Cherkasy Region → Kyiv City

3.9k

0.8%

Chernihiv Region → Kyiv City

3.8k

0.8%

Kharkiv Region → Poltava Region

3.7k

0.7%

Cherkasy Region → Kyiv Region

3.6k

0.7%

Donetsk Region → Kyiv City

3.5k

0.7%

Zaporizhzhia Region → Dnipropetrovsk Region

3.4k

0.7%

Dnipropetrovsk Region → Kyiv City

3.2k

0.6%

Donetsk Region → Dnipropetrovsk Region

3.1k

0.6%

Kyiv Region → Zhytomyr Region

3.1k

0.6%

Overseas Constituency → Dnipropetrovsk Region

3.1k

0.6%

Chernihiv Region → Kyiv Region

3k

0.6%

Overseas Constituency → Khmelnytskyi Region

3k

0.6%

Donetsk Region → Kyiv Region

3k

0.6%

Ivano-Frankivsk Region → Overseas Constituency

2.9k

0.6%

Lviv Region → Ivano-Frankivsk Region

2.9k

0.6%

Kharkiv Region → Dnipropetrovsk Region

2.7k

0.5%

Vinnytsia Region → Kyiv Region

2.6k

0.5%

Overseas Constituency → Chernivtsi Region

2.6k

0.5%

Kyiv City → Poltava Region

2.6k

0.5%

Odesa Region → Mykolaiv Region

2.6k

0.5%

Vinnytsia Region → Kyiv City

2.5k

0.5%

Kyiv City → Vinnytsia Region

2.5k

0.5%

Kyiv City → Rivne Region

2.5k

0.5%

Rivne Region → Volyn Region

2.5k

0.5%

Kyiv City → Khmelnytskyi Region

2.4k

0.5%

Kyiv Region → Cherkasy Region

2.4k

0.5%

Poltava Region → Kyiv City

2.4k

0.5%

Dnipropetrovsk Region → Kyiv Region

2.3k

0.5%

Kyiv Region → Overseas Constituency

2.3k

0.5%

Lviv Region → Rivne Region

2.2k

0.4%

Overseas Constituency → Vinnytsia Region

2.2k

0.4%

Kyiv City → Dnipropetrovsk Region

2.2k

0.4%

Dnipropetrovsk Region → Overseas Constituency

2.2k

0.4%

Kharkiv Region → Kyiv City

2.2k

0.4%

Sumy Region → Kyiv City

2.1k

0.4%

Kharkiv Region → Overseas Constituency

2.1k

0.4%

Lviv Region → Volyn Region

2.1k

0.4%

Kharkiv Region → Sumy Region

2.1k

0.4%

Overseas Constituency → Cherkasy Region

2.1k

0.4%

Overseas Constituency → Kyiv Region

2k

0.4%

Overseas Constituency → Volyn Region

2k

0.4%

Ivano-Frankivsk Region → Lviv Region

2k

0.4%

Kirovohrad Region → Dnipropetrovsk Region

2k

0.4%

Kyiv Region → Chernihiv Region

2k

0.4%

Overseas Constituency → Kharkiv Region

2k

0.4%

Rivne Region → Overseas Constituency

1.9k

0.4%

Overseas Constituency → Rivne Region

1.9k

0.4%

Volyn Region → Overseas Constituency

1.9k

0.4%

Volyn Region → Rivne Region

1.9k

0.4%

Overseas Constituency → Odesa Region

1.9k

0.4%

Overseas Constituency → Zhytomyr Region

1.9k

0.4%

Dnipropetrovsk Region → Kirovohrad Region

1.9k

0.4%

Sumy Region → Kyiv Region

1.9k

0.4%

Kyiv City → Sumy Region

1.9k

0.4%

Sumy Region → Kharkiv Region

1.8k

0.4%

Khmelnytskyi Region → Kyiv City

1.8k

0.4%

Khmelnytskyi Region → Overseas Constituency

1.8k

0.4%

Poltava Region → Kharkiv Region

1.8k

0.4%

Lviv Region → Ternopil Region

1.8k

0.4%

Odesa Region → Overseas Constituency

1.8k

0.4%

Zaporizhzhia Region → Kyiv City

1.7k

0.3%

Dnipropetrovsk Region → Odesa Region

1.7k

0.3%

Vinnytsia Region → Overseas Constituency

1.7k

0.3%

Lviv Region → Khmelnytskyi Region

1.7k

0.3%

Zhytomyr Region → Overseas Constituency

1.7k

0.3%

Vinnytsia Region → Khmelnytskyi Region

1.7k

0.3%

Poltava Region → Kyiv Region

1.7k

0.3%

Vinnytsia Region → Odesa Region

1.6k

0.3%

Luhansk Region → Kyiv City

1.6k

0.3%

Ternopil Region → Overseas Constituency

1.6k

0.3%

Kyiv City → Volyn Region

1.6k

0.3%

Ternopil Region → Ivano-Frankivsk Region

1.6k

0.3%

Kirovohrad Region → Kyiv City

1.6k

0.3%

Rivne Region → Lviv Region

1.6k

0.3%

Lviv Region → Zakarpattia Region

1.6k

0.3%

Luhansk Region → Kyiv Region

1.6k

0.3%

Dnipropetrovsk Region → Kharkiv Region

1.6k

0.3%

Kharkiv Region → Kyiv Region

1.5k

0.3%

Kyiv City → Kirovohrad Region

1.5k

0.3%

Overseas Constituency → Poltava Region

1.5k

0.3%

Kyiv City → Odesa Region

1.5k

0.3%

Odesa Region → Kyiv City

1.5k

0.3%

Volyn Region → Lviv Region

1.5k

0.3%

Khmelnytskyi Region → Kyiv Region

1.4k

0.3%

Kyiv City → Lviv Region

1.4k

0.3%

Donetsk Region → Kharkiv Region

1.4k

0.3%

Ternopil Region → Lviv Region

1.4k

0.3%

Kirovohrad Region → Kyiv Region

1.4k

0.3%

Rivne Region → Kyiv City

1.4k

0.3%

Cherkasy Region → Overseas Constituency

1.4k

0.3%

Dnipropetrovsk Region → Poltava Region

1.3k

0.3%

Kyiv Region → Vinnytsia Region

1.3k

0.3%

Kirovohrad Region → Cherkasy Region

1.3k

0.3%

Mykolaiv Region → Kyiv City

1.3k

0.3%

Kirovohrad Region → Odesa Region

1.3k

0.3%

Odesa Region → Vinnytsia Region

1.3k

0.3%

Rivne Region → Khmelnytskyi Region

1.3k

0.3%

Overseas Constituency → Mykolaiv Region

1.3k

0.3%

Khmelnytskyi Region → Ternopil Region

1.3k

0.3%

Donetsk Region → Poltava Region

1.2k

0.2%

Donetsk Region → Odesa Region

1.2k

0.2%

Lviv Region → Kyiv City

1.2k

0.2%

Overseas Constituency → Sumy Region

1.2k

0.2%

Khmelnytskyi Region → Vinnytsia Region

1.2k

0.2%

Zhytomyr Region → Chernihiv Region

1.2k

0.2%

Dnipropetrovsk Region → Zaporizhzhia Region

1.2k

0.2%

Chernihiv Region → Zhytomyr Region

1.2k

0.2%

Dnipropetrovsk Region → Lviv Region

1.1k

0.2%

Chernivtsi Region → Overseas Constituency

1.1k

0.2%

Kirovohrad Region → Poltava Region

1.1k

0.2%

Zaporizhzhia Region → Kyiv Region

1.1k

0.2%

Kherson Region → Dnipropetrovsk Region

1.1k

0.2%

Kirovohrad Region → Mykolaiv Region

1.1k

0.2%

Ternopil Region → Khmelnytskyi Region

1.1k

0.2%

Chernivtsi Region → Khmelnytskyi Region

1.1k

0.2%

Odesa Region → Dnipropetrovsk Region

1.1k

0.2%

Mykolaiv Region → Kyiv Region

1.1k

0.2%

Vinnytsia Region → Zhytomyr Region

1.1k

0.2%

Zakarpattia Region → Lviv Region

1.1k

0.2%

Rivne Region → Kyiv Region

1.1k

0.2%

Odesa Region → Kyiv Region

1.1k

0.2%

Poltava Region → Dnipropetrovsk Region

1.1k

0.2%

Donetsk Region → Cherkasy Region

1.1k

0.2%

Chernivtsi Region → Ivano-Frankivsk Region

1k

0.2%

Mykolaiv Region → Dnipropetrovsk Region

1k

0.2%

Dnipropetrovsk Region → Cherkasy Region

1k

0.2%

Mykolaiv Region → Kirovohrad Region

1k

0.2%

Khmelnytskyi Region → Rivne Region

1k

0.2%

Ivano-Frankivsk Region → Ternopil Region

1k

0.2%

Khmelnytskyi Region → Chernivtsi Region

1k

0.2%

Poltava Region → Overseas Constituency

1k

0.2%

Zhytomyr Region → Vinnytsia Region

1k

0.2%

Vinnytsia Region → Cherkasy Region

1k

0.2%

Odesa Region → Kirovohrad Region

1k

0.2%

Poltava Region → Kirovohrad Region

1k

0.2%

Luhansk Region → Kharkiv Region

1k

0.2%

Khmelnytskyi Region → Lviv Region

1k

0.2%

Donetsk Region → Overseas Constituency

1k

0.2%

Kyiv City → Mykolaiv Region

0.9k

0.2%

Sumy Region → Poltava Region

0.9k

0.2%

Kherson Region → Mykolaiv Region

0.9k

0.2%

Zaporizhzhia Region → Overseas Constituency

0.9k

0.2%

Mykolaiv Region → Overseas Constituency

0.9k

0.2%

Kyiv City → Ivano-Frankivsk Region

0.9k

0.2%

Lviv Region → Vinnytsia Region

0.9k

0.2%

Donetsk Region → Kirovohrad Region

0.9k

0.2%

Overseas Constituency → Zaporizhzhia Region

0.9k

0.2%

Kharkiv Region → Ivano-Frankivsk Region

0.9k

0.2%

Cherkasy Region → Kirovohrad Region

0.9k

0.2%

Zhytomyr Region → Khmelnytskyi Region

0.9k

0.2%

Dnipropetrovsk Region → Mykolaiv Region

0.9k

0.2%

Kyiv City → Ternopil Region

0.9k

0.2%

Kyiv Region → Khmelnytskyi Region

0.9k

0.2%

Zhytomyr Region → Rivne Region

0.9k

0.2%

Lviv Region → Kyiv Region

0.9k

0.2%

Ternopil Region → Rivne Region

0.9k

0.2%

Overseas Constituency → Kirovohrad Region

0.9k

0.2%

Volyn Region → Kyiv City

0.8k

0.2%

Kyiv Region → Odesa Region

0.8k

0.2%

Kharkiv Region → Donetsk Region

0.8k

0.2%

Kyiv City → Kharkiv Region

0.8k

0.2%

Kherson Region → Odesa Region

0.8k

0.2%

Kharkiv Region → Odesa Region

0.8k

0.2%

Kyiv City → Zakarpattia Region

0.8k

0.2%

Zhytomyr Region → Cherkasy Region

0.8k

0.2%

Sumy Region → Chernihiv Region

0.8k

0.2%

Lviv Region → Zhytomyr Region

0.8k

0.2%

Kyiv Region → Poltava Region

0.8k

0.2%

Overseas Constituency → Chernihiv Region

0.8k

0.2%

Kyiv Region → Dnipropetrovsk Region

0.8k

0.2%

Rivne Region → Zhytomyr Region

0.8k

0.2%

Ivano-Frankivsk Region → Chernivtsi Region

0.8k

0.2%

Kharkiv Region → Lviv Region

0.8k

0.2%

Zaporizhzhia Region → Kirovohrad Region

0.8k

0.2%

Kherson Region → Kyiv City

0.8k

0.2%

Dnipropetrovsk Region → Vinnytsia Region

0.8k

0.2%

Rivne Region → Ternopil Region

0.8k

0.2%

Dnipropetrovsk Region → Zhytomyr Region

0.8k

0.2%

Kharkiv Region → Chernihiv Region

0.8k

0.2%

Sumy Region → Overseas Constituency

0.8k

0.2%

Kirovohrad Region → Overseas Constituency

0.7k

0.1%

Vinnytsia Region → Chernivtsi Region

0.7k

0.1%

Odesa Region → Cherkasy Region

0.7k

0.1%

Chernihiv Region → Overseas Constituency

0.7k

0.1%

Cherkasy Region → Vinnytsia Region

0.7k

0.1%

Dnipropetrovsk Region → Ivano-Frankivsk Region

0.7k

0.1%

Kyiv Region → Lviv Region

0.7k

0.1%

Donetsk Region → Vinnytsia Region

0.7k

0.1%

Cherkasy Region → Zhytomyr Region

0.7k

0.1%

Cherkasy Region → Odesa Region

0.7k

0.1%

Luhansk Region → Dnipropetrovsk Region

0.7k

0.1%

Donetsk Region → Lviv Region

0.7k

0.1%

Vinnytsia Region → Lviv Region

0.7k

0.1%

Kyiv Region → Rivne Region

0.7k

0.1%

Poltava Region → Cherkasy Region

0.7k

0.1%

Khmelnytskyi Region → Zhytomyr Region

0.7k

0.1%

Zaporizhzhia Region → Odesa Region

0.7k

0.1%

Lviv Region → Dnipropetrovsk Region

0.7k

0.1%

Dnipropetrovsk Region → Zakarpattia Region

0.7k

0.1%

Dnipropetrovsk Region → Donetsk Region

0.6k

0.1%

Zhytomyr Region → Lviv Region

0.6k

0.1%

Chernihiv Region → Sumy Region

0.6k

0.1%

Chernihiv Region → Dnipropetrovsk Region

0.6k

0.1%

Poltava Region → Sumy Region

0.6k

0.1%

Donetsk Region → Ivano-Frankivsk Region

0.6k

0.1%

Donetsk Region → Khmelnytskyi Region

0.6k

0.1%

Kharkiv Region → Kirovohrad Region

0.6k

0.1%

Odesa Region → Khmelnytskyi Region

0.6k

0.1%

Chernihiv Region → Cherkasy Region

0.6k

0.1%

Kherson Region → Kyiv Region

0.6k

0.1%

Ternopil Region → Kyiv City

0.6k

0.1%

Chernivtsi Region → Ternopil Region

0.6k

0.1%

Kharkiv Region → Cherkasy Region

0.6k

0.1%

Kharkiv Region → Vinnytsia Region

0.6k

0.1%

Kyiv Region → Kharkiv Region

0.6k

0.1%

Kyiv Region → Kirovohrad Region

0.6k

0.1%

Kyiv City → Chernivtsi Region

0.6k

0.1%

Volyn Region → Kyiv Region

0.6k

0.1%

Zaporizhzhia Region → Lviv Region

0.6k

0.1%

Donetsk Region → Zhytomyr Region

0.5k

0.1%

Poltava Region → Odesa Region

0.5k

0.1%

Kyiv Region → Sumy Region

0.5k

0.1%

Odesa Region → Lviv Region

0.5k

0.1%

Kharkiv Region → Khmelnytskyi Region

0.5k

0.1%

Kharkiv Region → Mykolaiv Region

0.5k

0.1%

Luhansk Region → Odesa Region

0.5k

0.1%

Chernivtsi Region → Vinnytsia Region

0.5k

0.1%

Ivano-Frankivsk Region → Kyiv City

0.5k

0.1%

Cherkasy Region → Dnipropetrovsk Region

0.5k

0.1%

Kherson Region → Overseas Constituency

0.5k

0.1%

Lviv Region → Odesa Region

0.5k

0.1%

AR Crimea → Kyiv City

0.5k

0.1%

Lviv Region → Chernivtsi Region

0.5k

0.1%

Ivano-Frankivsk Region → Zakarpattia Region

0.5k

0.1%

Cherkasy Region → Poltava Region

0.5k

0.1%

Donetsk Region → Chernivtsi Region

0.5k

0.1%

Zhytomyr Region → Dnipropetrovsk Region

0.5k

0.1%

Mykolaiv Region → Vinnytsia Region

0.5k

0.1%

Poltava Region → Chernihiv Region

0.5k

0.1%

Zakarpattia Region → Ivano-Frankivsk Region

0.5k

0.1%

Chernihiv Region → Poltava Region

0.5k

0.1%

Kharkiv Region → Zhytomyr Region

0.5k

0.1%

Khmelnytskyi Region → Odesa Region

0.5k

0.1%

Zaporizhzhia Region → Khmelnytskyi Region

0.5k

0.1%

Kyiv City → Zaporizhzhia Region

0.5k

0.1%

Dnipropetrovsk Region → Khmelnytskyi Region

0.5k

0.1%

Zhytomyr Region → Odesa Region

0.5k

0.1%

Vinnytsia Region → Kirovohrad Region

0.5k

0.1%

Odesa Region → Zhytomyr Region

0.5k

0.1%

Kyiv Region → Ivano-Frankivsk Region

0.5k

0.1%

Ternopil Region → Chernivtsi Region

0.5k

0.1%

Ternopil Region → Kyiv Region

0.4k

0.1%

Lviv Region → Cherkasy Region

0.4k

0.1%

Vinnytsia Region → Dnipropetrovsk Region

0.4k

0.1%

Chernivtsi Region → Kyiv City

0.4k

0.1%

Cherkasy Region → Chernihiv Region

0.4k

0.1%

Zaporizhzhia Region → Ivano-Frankivsk Region

0.4k

0.1%

Mykolaiv Region → Zhytomyr Region

0.4k

0.1%

Ivano-Frankivsk Region → Rivne Region

0.4k

0.1%

Dnipropetrovsk Region → Sumy Region

0.4k

0.1%

Sumy Region → Dnipropetrovsk Region

0.4k

0.1%

Zaporizhzhia Region → Volyn Region

0.4k

0.1%

Khmelnytskyi Region → Ivano-Frankivsk Region

0.4k

0.1%

Odesa Region → Poltava Region

0.4k

0.1%

Zakarpattia Region → Kyiv City

0.4k

0.1%

Chernihiv Region → Kharkiv Region

0.4k

0.1%

Luhansk Region → Cherkasy Region

0.4k

0.1%

Kyiv Region → Zakarpattia Region

0.4k

0.1%

Kharkiv Region → Rivne Region

0.4k

0.1%

Zaporizhzhia Region → Kharkiv Region

0.4k

0.1%

Ivano-Frankivsk Region → Kyiv Region

0.4k

0.1%

Donetsk Region → Rivne Region

0.4k

0.1%

Vinnytsia Region → Mykolaiv Region

0.4k

0.1%

Kharkiv Region → Zaporizhzhia Region

0.4k

0.1%

Dnipropetrovsk Region → Chernihiv Region

0.4k

0.1%

Rivne Region → Ivano-Frankivsk Region

0.4k

0.1%

Lviv Region → Kharkiv Region

0.4k

0.1%

Kirovohrad Region → Vinnytsia Region

0.4k

0.1%

Donetsk Region → Zaporizhzhia Region

0.4k

0.1%

Chernivtsi Region → Lviv Region

0.4k

0.1%

Mykolaiv Region → Cherkasy Region

0.4k

0.1%

AR Crimea → Kyiv Region

0.4k

0.1%

Kharkiv Region → Zakarpattia Region

0.4k

0.1%

Cherkasy Region → Lviv Region

0.4k

0.1%

Ternopil Region → Volyn Region

0.4k

0.1%

Zaporizhzhia Region → Vinnytsia Region

0.4k

0.1%

Lviv Region → Poltava Region

0.4k

0.1%

Kyiv Region → Mykolaiv Region

0.4k

0.1%

Vinnytsia Region → Ivano-Frankivsk Region

0.4k

0.1%

Dnipropetrovsk Region → Ternopil Region

0.4k

0.1%

Poltava Region → Zhytomyr Region

0.4k

0.1%

Vinnytsia Region → Ternopil Region

0.4k

0.1%

Zhytomyr Region → Volyn Region

0.3k

0.1%

Dnipropetrovsk Region → Rivne Region

0.3k

0.1%

Kyiv Region → Volyn Region

0.3k

0.1%

Luhansk Region → Lviv Region

0.3k

0.1%

Vinnytsia Region → Rivne Region

0.3k

0.1%

Mykolaiv Region → Lviv Region

0.3k

0.1%

Zaporizhzhia Region → Poltava Region

0.3k

0.1%

Zaporizhzhia Region → Mykolaiv Region

0.3k

0.1%

Odesa Region → Ivano-Frankivsk Region

0.3k

0.1%

Odesa Region → Kharkiv Region

0.3k

0.1%

Poltava Region → Lviv Region

0.3k

0.1%

Kirovohrad Region → Lviv Region

0.3k

0.1%

Kyiv Region → Ternopil Region

0.3k

0.1%

Rivne Region → Zakarpattia Region

0.3k

0.1%

Lviv Region → Kirovohrad Region

0.3k

0.1%

Zhytomyr Region → Kharkiv Region

0.3k

0.1%

Mykolaiv Region → Poltava Region

0.3k

0.1%

Lviv Region → Chernihiv Region

0.3k

0.1%

Ivano-Frankivsk Region → Khmelnytskyi Region

0.3k

0.1%

Kherson Region → Cherkasy Region

0.3k

0.1%

Zhytomyr Region → Ivano-Frankivsk Region

0.3k

0.1%

Zakarpattia Region → Kyiv Region

0.3k

0.1%

Zaporizhzhia Region → Cherkasy Region

0.3k

0.1%

Chernihiv Region → Vinnytsia Region

0.3k

0.1%

Zhytomyr Region → Poltava Region

0.3k

0.1%

Donetsk Region → Zakarpattia Region

0.3k

0.1%

Zhytomyr Region → Ternopil Region

0.3k

0.1%

Mykolaiv Region → Khmelnytskyi Region

0.3k

0.1%

Mykolaiv Region → Kharkiv Region

0.3k

0.1%

Ternopil Region → Zhytomyr Region

0.3k

0.1%

Poltava Region → Rivne Region

0.3k

0.1%

Luhansk Region → Poltava Region

0.3k

0.1%

Odesa Region → Rivne Region

0.3k

0.1%

Zaporizhzhia Region → Rivne Region

0.3k

0.1%

Vinnytsia Region → Kharkiv Region

0.3k

0.1%

Kharkiv Region → Ternopil Region

0.3k

0.1%

Odesa Region → Chernivtsi Region

0.3k

0.1%

Overseas Constituency → Donetsk Region

0.3k

0.1%

Kharkiv Region → Volyn Region

0.3k

0.1%

Dnipropetrovsk Region → Volyn Region

0.3k

0.1%

Lviv Region → Mykolaiv Region

0.3k

0.1%

Chernivtsi Region → Kyiv Region

0.3k

0.1%

Volyn Region → Ternopil Region

0.3k

0.1%

Kherson Region → Vinnytsia Region

0.3k

0.1%

Ternopil Region → Vinnytsia Region

0.3k

0.1%

Sumy Region → Zhytomyr Region

0.3k

0.1%

Sumy Region → Odesa Region

0.3k

0.1%

Odesa Region → Ternopil Region

0.3k

0.1%

Khmelnytskyi Region → Zakarpattia Region

0.3k

0.1%

Sumy Region → Lviv Region

0.3k

0.1%

Vinnytsia Region → Chernihiv Region

0.3k

0.1%

Cherkasy Region → Kharkiv Region

0.3k

0.1%

Odesa Region → Chernihiv Region

0.3k

0.1%

Sumy Region → Cherkasy Region

0.3k

0.1%

Dnipropetrovsk Region → Chernivtsi Region

0.3k

0.1%

Odesa Region → Volyn Region

0.3k

0.1%

Khmelnytskyi Region → Dnipropetrovsk Region

0.3k

0.1%

Ivano-Frankivsk Region → Zhytomyr Region

0.3k

0.1%

Mykolaiv Region → Ivano-Frankivsk Region

0.3k

0.1%

Chernihiv Region → Lviv Region

0.3k

0.1%

Chernihiv Region → Odesa Region

0.3k

0.1%

Luhansk Region → Overseas Constituency

0.3k

0.1%

Kirovohrad Region → Kharkiv Region

0.3k

0.1%

Kyiv Region → Chernivtsi Region

0.3k

0.1%

Rivne Region → Vinnytsia Region

0.3k

0.1%

Zaporizhzhia Region → Zhytomyr Region

0.3k

0.1%

Donetsk Region → Sumy Region

0.3k

0.1%

Poltava Region → Vinnytsia Region

0.3k

0.1%

Kyiv City → Donetsk Region

0.2k

0%

Donetsk Region → Chernihiv Region

0.2k

0%

Odesa Region → Zakarpattia Region

0.2k

0%

Sumy Region → Ivano-Frankivsk Region

0.2k

0%

Zhytomyr Region → Sumy Region

0.2k

0%

Rivne Region → Odesa Region

0.2k

0%

Kherson Region → Kirovohrad Region

0.2k

0%

Luhansk Region → Ivano-Frankivsk Region

0.2k

0%

Volyn Region → Khmelnytskyi Region

0.2k

0%

Zakarpattia Region → Khmelnytskyi Region

0.2k

0%

Sumy Region → Vinnytsia Region

0.2k

0%

Khmelnytskyi Region → Volyn Region

0.2k

0%

Ivano-Frankivsk Region → Volyn Region

0.2k

0%

Volyn Region → Ivano-Frankivsk Region

0.2k

0%

Cherkasy Region → Rivne Region

0.2k

0%

Cherkasy Region → Khmelnytskyi Region

0.2k

0%

Ivano-Frankivsk Region → Odesa Region

0.2k

0%

Vinnytsia Region → Poltava Region

0.2k

0%

Zhytomyr Region → Kirovohrad Region

0.2k

0%

Kharkiv Region → Chernivtsi Region

0.2k

0%

Poltava Region → Mykolaiv Region

0.2k

0%

Khmelnytskyi Region → Cherkasy Region

0.2k

0%

Volyn Region → Zakarpattia Region

0.2k

0%

Zhytomyr Region → Mykolaiv Region

0.2k

0%

Vinnytsia Region → Volyn Region

0.2k

0%

Rivne Region → Dnipropetrovsk Region

0.2k

0%

Volyn Region → Zhytomyr Region

0.2k

0%

Kherson Region → Lviv Region

0.2k

0%

Zakarpattia Region → Rivne Region

0.2k

0%

Cherkasy Region → Mykolaiv Region

0.2k

0%

Kirovohrad Region → Zhytomyr Region

0.2k

0%

Chernivtsi Region → Odesa Region

0.2k

0%

Luhansk Region → Khmelnytskyi Region

0.2k

0%

Ivano-Frankivsk Region → Vinnytsia Region

0.2k

0%

Vinnytsia Region → Zakarpattia Region

0.2k

0%

Zhytomyr Region → Zakarpattia Region

0.2k

0%

Lviv Region → Sumy Region

0.2k

0%

Donetsk Region → Mykolaiv Region

0.2k

0%

Kirovohrad Region → Zaporizhzhia Region

0.2k

0%

Mykolaiv Region → Zaporizhzhia Region

0.2k

0%

Kherson Region → Khmelnytskyi Region

0.2k

0%

Chernihiv Region → Rivne Region

0.2k

0%

Luhansk Region → Sumy Region

0.2k

0%

Donetsk Region → Ternopil Region

0.2k

0%

Volyn Region → Odesa Region

0.2k

0%

Chernihiv Region → Khmelnytskyi Region

0.2k

0%

Luhansk Region → Vinnytsia Region

0.2k

0%

Luhansk Region → Chernihiv Region

0.2k

0%

Poltava Region → Khmelnytskyi Region

0.2k

0%

Odesa Region → Zaporizhzhia Region

0.2k

0%

Kherson Region → Zhytomyr Region

0.2k

0%

Khmelnytskyi Region → Chernihiv Region

0.2k

0%

Zakarpattia Region → Volyn Region

0.2k

0%

Luhansk Region → Zhytomyr Region

0.2k

0%

Zaporizhzhia Region → Ternopil Region

0.2k

0%

Sumy Region → Khmelnytskyi Region

0.2k

0%

Rivne Region → Cherkasy Region

0.2k

0%

Cherkasy Region → Ivano-Frankivsk Region

0.2k

0%

AR Crimea → Odesa Region

0.2k

0%

Kirovohrad Region → Khmelnytskyi Region

0.2k

0%

Zaporizhzhia Region → Zakarpattia Region

0.2k

0%

Sumy Region → Zakarpattia Region

0.2k

0%

Chernihiv Region → Ivano-Frankivsk Region

0.2k

0%

Zakarpattia Region → Ternopil Region

0.2k

0%

Odesa Region → Sumy Region

0.2k

0%

Khmelnytskyi Region → Kharkiv Region

0.2k

0%

AR Crimea → Dnipropetrovsk Region

0.2k

0%

Chernivtsi Region → Rivne Region

0.2k

0%

Poltava Region → Ivano-Frankivsk Region

0.2k

0%

Poltava Region → Zakarpattia Region

0.2k

0%

Rivne Region → Poltava Region

0.2k

0%

Khmelnytskyi Region → Poltava Region

0.2k

0%

Ternopil Region → Zakarpattia Region

0.2k

0%

Mykolaiv Region → Rivne Region

0.2k

0%

Chernivtsi Region → Zakarpattia Region

0.2k

0%

Mykolaiv Region → Ternopil Region

0.2k

0%

Rivne Region → Kharkiv Region

0.2k

0%

Lviv Region → Zaporizhzhia Region

0.2k

0%

Sumy Region → Kirovohrad Region

0.2k

0%

Ivano-Frankivsk Region → Kharkiv Region

0.2k

0%

Zakarpattia Region → Chernivtsi Region

0.2k

0%

Mykolaiv Region → Chernivtsi Region

0.2k

0%

Sevastopol City → Kyiv City

0.2k

0%

Chernivtsi Region → Dnipropetrovsk Region

0.2k

0%

Vinnytsia Region → Sumy Region

0.2k

0%

Chernihiv Region → Kirovohrad Region

0.2k

0%

Kirovohrad Region → Chernihiv Region

0.2k

0%

Zhytomyr Region → Chernivtsi Region

0.1k

0%

Ternopil Region → Odesa Region

0.1k

0%

Mykolaiv Region → Chernihiv Region

0.1k

0%

Volyn Region → Dnipropetrovsk Region

0.1k

0%

Mykolaiv Region → Zakarpattia Region

0.1k

0%

Zakarpattia Region → Dnipropetrovsk Region

0.1k

0%

Sumy Region → Rivne Region

0.1k

0%

Cherkasy Region → Zakarpattia Region

0.1k

0%

Luhansk Region → Kirovohrad Region

0.1k

0%

Odesa Region → Donetsk Region

0.1k

0%

Kyiv Region → Donetsk Region

0.1k

0%

Ivano-Frankivsk Region → Dnipropetrovsk Region

0.1k

0%

Khmelnytskyi Region → Mykolaiv Region

0.1k

0%

Ivano-Frankivsk Region → Poltava Region

0.1k

0%

Donetsk Region → Volyn Region

0.1k

0%

Zakarpattia Region → Zhytomyr Region

0.1k

0%

Kherson Region → Ivano-Frankivsk Region

0.1k

0%

Rivne Region → Chernihiv Region

0.1k

0%

Chernivtsi Region → Zhytomyr Region

0.1k

0%

Zakarpattia Region → Vinnytsia Region

0.1k

0%

Chernivtsi Region → Volyn Region

0.1k

0%

Kyiv Region → Zaporizhzhia Region

0.1k

0%

Kherson Region → Rivne Region

0.1k

0%

Chernihiv Region → Mykolaiv Region

0.1k

0%

Luhansk Region → Zakarpattia Region

0.1k

0%

Kirovohrad Region → Ivano-Frankivsk Region

0.1k

0%

Cherkasy Region → Volyn Region

0.1k

0%

Ivano-Frankivsk Region → Cherkasy Region

0.1k

0%

Cherkasy Region → Ternopil Region

0.1k

0%

Volyn Region → Vinnytsia Region

0.1k

0%

Zaporizhzhia Region → Chernihiv Region

0.1k

0%

AR Crimea → Lviv Region

0.1k

0%

Chernihiv Region → Zakarpattia Region

0.1k

0%

Khmelnytskyi Region → Kirovohrad Region

0.1k

0%

Zaporizhzhia Region → Chernivtsi Region

0.1k

0%

Zakarpattia Region → Cherkasy Region

0.1k

0%

Zaporizhzhia Region → Donetsk Region

0.1k

0%

Chernihiv Region → Ternopil Region

0.1k

0%

Kherson Region → Zaporizhzhia Region

0.1k

0%

Sumy Region → Ternopil Region

0.1k

0%

Rivne Region → Chernivtsi Region

0.1k

0%

Ternopil Region → Dnipropetrovsk Region

0.1k

0%

Zhytomyr Region → Donetsk Region

0.1k

0%

Kherson Region → Kharkiv Region

0.1k

0%

Poltava Region → Zaporizhzhia Region

0.1k

0%

Volyn Region → Zaporizhzhia Region

0.1k

0%

Luhansk Region → Rivne Region

0.1k

0%

Cherkasy Region → Sumy Region

0.1k

0%

Kherson Region → Ternopil Region

0.1k

0%

Kirovohrad Region → Chernivtsi Region

0.1k

0%

Zakarpattia Region → Odesa Region

0.1k

0%

Zakarpattia Region → Kharkiv Region

0.1k

0%

Volyn Region → Chernivtsi Region

0.1k

0%

AR Crimea → Kharkiv Region

0.1k

0%

Poltava Region → Donetsk Region

0.1k

0%

Zaporizhzhia Region → Sumy Region

0.1k

0%

Mykolaiv Region → Sumy Region

0.1k

0%

Ternopil Region → Cherkasy Region

0.1k

0%

Kirovohrad Region → Rivne Region

0.1k

0%

Ivano-Frankivsk Region → Chernihiv Region

0.1k

0%

Zhytomyr Region → Zaporizhzhia Region

0.1k

0%

Zakarpattia Region → Chernihiv Region

0.1k

0%

Zakarpattia Region → Poltava Region

0.1k

0%

Chernihiv Region → Chernivtsi Region

0.1k

0%

Kirovohrad Region → Donetsk Region

0.1k

0%

Rivne Region → Donetsk Region

0.1k

0%

Chernivtsi Region → Chernihiv Region

0.1k

0%

Khmelnytskyi Region → Donetsk Region

0.1k

0%

Kherson Region → Poltava Region

0.1k

0%

Ivano-Frankivsk Region → Donetsk Region

0.1k

0%

Volyn Region → Poltava Region

0.1k

0%

Volyn Region → Cherkasy Region

0.1k

0%

Vinnytsia Region → Donetsk Region

0.1k

0%

Luhansk Region → Ternopil Region

0.1k

0%

Poltava Region → Chernivtsi Region

0.1k

0%

Chernihiv Region → Volyn Region

0.1k

0%

Zakarpattia Region → Sumy Region

0.1k

0%

Ternopil Region → Kharkiv Region

0.1k

0%

Kherson Region → Zakarpattia Region

0.1k

0%

Rivne Region → Mykolaiv Region

0.1k

0%

Kirovohrad Region → Sumy Region

0.1k

0%

Poltava Region → Ternopil Region

0.1k

0%

Cherkasy Region → Chernivtsi Region

0.1k

0%

Sevastopol City → Kyiv Region

0.1k

0%

Rivne Region → Kirovohrad Region

0.1k

0%

Lviv Region → Donetsk Region

0.1k

0%

Chernivtsi Region → Donetsk Region

0.1k

0%

Kirovohrad Region → Ternopil Region

0.1k

0%

Luhansk Region → Volyn Region

0.1k

0%

Vinnytsia Region → Zaporizhzhia Region

0.1k

0%

Chernihiv Region → Zaporizhzhia Region

0.1k

0%

Ivano-Frankivsk Region → Mykolaiv Region

0.1k

0%

Chernivtsi Region → Cherkasy Region

0.1k

0%

Sumy Region → Volyn Region

0.1k

0%

Mykolaiv Region → Donetsk Region

0.1k

0%

Rivne Region → Sumy Region

0.1k

0%

Volyn Region → Kharkiv Region

0.1k

0%

Khmelnytskyi Region → Sumy Region

0.1k

0%

Luhansk Region → Mykolaiv Region

0.1k

0%

AR Crimea → Mykolaiv Region

0.1k

0%

Sumy Region → Chernivtsi Region

0.1k

0%

AR Crimea → Overseas Constituency

0.1k

0%

Poltava Region → Volyn Region

0.1k

0%

Ivano-Frankivsk Region → Kirovohrad Region

0.1k

0%

Kirovohrad Region → Zakarpattia Region

0.1k

0%

Kherson Region → Chernivtsi Region

0.1k

0%

Chernivtsi Region → Mykolaiv Region

0.1k

0%

Kherson Region → Chernihiv Region

0.1k

0%

Zakarpattia Region → Kirovohrad Region

0.1k

0%

Ternopil Region → Chernihiv Region

0.1k

0%

Mykolaiv Region → Volyn Region

0.1k

0%

Khmelnytskyi Region → Zaporizhzhia Region

0.1k

0%

Sumy Region → Mykolaiv Region

0.1k

0%

Ternopil Region → Mykolaiv Region

0.1k

0%

Chernivtsi Region → Poltava Region

0.1k

0%

Luhansk Region → Chernivtsi Region

0.1k

0%

AR Crimea → Khmelnytskyi Region

0.1k

0%

AR Crimea → Cherkasy Region

0.1k

0%

Cherkasy Region → Zaporizhzhia Region

0.1k

0%

AR Crimea → Vinnytsia Region

0.1k

0%

Kherson Region → Volyn Region

0.1k

0%

Volyn Region → Chernihiv Region

0.1k

0%

Cherkasy Region → Donetsk Region

0.1k

0%

Rivne Region → Zaporizhzhia Region

0.1k

0%

Ternopil Region → Poltava Region

0.1k

0%

Volyn Region → Sumy Region

0.1k

0%

Ivano-Frankivsk Region → Sumy Region

0.1k

0%

Kirovohrad Region → Volyn Region

0.1k

0%

Sumy Region → Zaporizhzhia Region

0.1k

0%

AR Crimea → Ivano-Frankivsk Region

0.1k

0%

Volyn Region → Mykolaiv Region

0.1k

0%

Chernivtsi Region → Kirovohrad Region

0.1k

0%

Sevastopol City → Odesa Region

0.1k

0%

Sumy Region → Donetsk Region

0.1k

0%

Chernivtsi Region → Sumy Region

0.1k

0%

Luhansk Region → Zaporizhzhia Region

0.1k

0%

Ternopil Region → Kirovohrad Region

0.1k

0%

Zakarpattia Region → Mykolaiv Region

0.1k

0%

AR Crimea → Zhytomyr Region

0k

0%

Chernivtsi Region → Zaporizhzhia Region

0k

0%

Volyn Region → Kirovohrad Region

0k

0%

AR Crimea → Poltava Region

0k

0%

Chernivtsi Region → Kharkiv Region

0k

0%

Ivano-Frankivsk Region → Zaporizhzhia Region

0k

0%

Kherson Region → Sumy Region

0k

0%

Luhansk Region → Donetsk Region

0k

0%

Volyn Region → Donetsk Region

0k

0%

Chernihiv Region → Donetsk Region

0k

0%

Zakarpattia Region → Zaporizhzhia Region

0k

0%

AR Crimea → Kirovohrad Region

0k

0%

AR Crimea → Rivne Region

0k

0%

AR Crimea → Zaporizhzhia Region

0k

0%

AR Crimea → Volyn Region

0k

0%

AR Crimea → Chernivtsi Region

0k

0%

Ternopil Region → Sumy Region

0k

0%

AR Crimea → Sumy Region

0k

0%

AR Crimea → Zakarpattia Region

0k

0%

AR Crimea → Chernihiv Region

0k

0%

Sevastopol City → Lviv Region

0k

0%

AR Crimea → Ternopil Region

0k

0%

Kherson Region → Donetsk Region

0k

0%

Sevastopol City → Dnipropetrovsk Region

0k

0%

Ternopil Region → Zaporizhzhia Region

0k

0%

Sevastopol City → Overseas Constituency

0k

0%

Zakarpattia Region → Donetsk Region

0k

0%

Sevastopol City → Cherkasy Region

0k

0%

Sevastopol City → Vinnytsia Region

0k

0%

Sevastopol City → Kirovohrad Region

0k

0%

Ternopil Region → Donetsk Region

0k

0%

Sevastopol City → Khmelnytskyi Region

0k

0%

Sevastopol City → Poltava Region

0k

0%

Sevastopol City → Sumy Region

0k

0%

Sevastopol City → Mykolaiv Region

0k

0%

Sevastopol City → Kharkiv Region

0k

0%

Sevastopol City → Volyn Region

0k

0%

Sevastopol City → Zhytomyr Region

0k

0%

AR Crimea → Donetsk Region

0k

0%

Sevastopol City → Zaporizhzhia Region

0k

0%

Sevastopol City → Rivne Region

0k

0%

Sevastopol City → Chernivtsi Region

0k

0%

Sevastopol City → Chernihiv Region

0k

0%

Sevastopol City → Ivano-Frankivsk Region

0k

0%

Sevastopol City → Ternopil Region

0k

0%

Sevastopol City → Donetsk Region

0k

0%

Sevastopol City → Zakarpattia Region

0k

0%

Vinnytsia Region → AR Crimea

0k

0%

Volyn Region → AR Crimea

0k

0%

Dnipropetrovsk Region → AR Crimea

0k

0%

Donetsk Region → AR Crimea

0k

0%

Zhytomyr Region → AR Crimea

0k

0%

Zakarpattia Region → AR Crimea

0k

0%

Zaporizhzhia Region → AR Crimea

0k

0%

Ivano-Frankivsk Region → AR Crimea

0k

0%

Kyiv Region → AR Crimea

0k

0%

Kirovohrad Region → AR Crimea

0k

0%

Luhansk Region → AR Crimea

0k

0%

Lviv Region → AR Crimea

0k

0%

Mykolaiv Region → AR Crimea

0k

0%

Odesa Region → AR Crimea

0k

0%

Poltava Region → AR Crimea

0k

0%

Rivne Region → AR Crimea

0k

0%

Sumy Region → AR Crimea

0k

0%

Ternopil Region → AR Crimea

0k

0%

Kharkiv Region → AR Crimea

0k

0%

Kherson Region → AR Crimea

0k

0%

Khmelnytskyi Region → AR Crimea

0k

0%

Cherkasy Region → AR Crimea

0k

0%

Chernivtsi Region → AR Crimea

0k

0%

Chernihiv Region → AR Crimea

0k

0%

Kyiv City → AR Crimea

0k

0%

Sevastopol City → AR Crimea

0k

0%

Overseas Constituency → AR Crimea

0k

0%

AR Crimea → Luhansk Region

0k

0%

Vinnytsia Region → Luhansk Region

0k

0%

Volyn Region → Luhansk Region

0k

0%

Dnipropetrovsk Region → Luhansk Region

0k

0%

Donetsk Region → Luhansk Region

0k

0%

Zhytomyr Region → Luhansk Region

0k

0%

Zakarpattia Region → Luhansk Region

0k

0%

Zaporizhzhia Region → Luhansk Region

0k

0%

Ivano-Frankivsk Region → Luhansk Region

0k

0%

Kyiv Region → Luhansk Region

0k

0%

Kirovohrad Region → Luhansk Region

0k

0%

Lviv Region → Luhansk Region

0k

0%

Mykolaiv Region → Luhansk Region

0k

0%

Odesa Region → Luhansk Region

0k

0%

Poltava Region → Luhansk Region

0k

0%

Rivne Region → Luhansk Region

0k

0%

Sumy Region → Luhansk Region

0k

0%

Ternopil Region → Luhansk Region

0k

0%

Kharkiv Region → Luhansk Region

0k

0%

Kherson Region → Luhansk Region

0k

0%

Khmelnytskyi Region → Luhansk Region

0k

0%

Cherkasy Region → Luhansk Region

0k

0%

Chernivtsi Region → Luhansk Region

0k

0%

Chernihiv Region → Luhansk Region

0k

0%

Kyiv City → Luhansk Region

0k

0%

Sevastopol City → Luhansk Region

0k

0%

Overseas Constituency → Luhansk Region

0k

0%

AR Crimea → Kherson Region

0k

0%

Vinnytsia Region → Kherson Region

0k

0%

Volyn Region → Kherson Region

0k

0%

Dnipropetrovsk Region → Kherson Region

0k

0%

Donetsk Region → Kherson Region

0k

0%

Zhytomyr Region → Kherson Region

0k

0%

Zakarpattia Region → Kherson Region

0k

0%

Zaporizhzhia Region → Kherson Region

0k

0%

Ivano-Frankivsk Region → Kherson Region

0k

0%

Kyiv Region → Kherson Region

0k

0%

Kirovohrad Region → Kherson Region

0k

0%

Luhansk Region → Kherson Region

0k

0%

Lviv Region → Kherson Region

0k

0%

Mykolaiv Region → Kherson Region

0k

0%

Odesa Region → Kherson Region

0k

0%

Poltava Region → Kherson Region

0k

0%

Rivne Region → Kherson Region

0k

0%

Sumy Region → Kherson Region

0k

0%

Ternopil Region → Kherson Region

0k

0%

Kharkiv Region → Kherson Region

0k

0%

Khmelnytskyi Region → Kherson Region

0k

0%

Cherkasy Region → Kherson Region

0k

0%

Chernivtsi Region → Kherson Region

0k

0%

Chernihiv Region → Kherson Region

0k

0%

Kyiv City → Kherson Region

0k

0%

Sevastopol City → Kherson Region

0k

0%

Overseas Constituency → Kherson Region

0k

0%

AR Crimea → Sevastopol City

0k

0%

Vinnytsia Region → Sevastopol City

0k

0%

Volyn Region → Sevastopol City

0k

0%

Dnipropetrovsk Region → Sevastopol City

0k

0%

Donetsk Region → Sevastopol City

0k

0%

Zhytomyr Region → Sevastopol City

0k

0%

Zakarpattia Region → Sevastopol City

0k

0%

Zaporizhzhia Region → Sevastopol City

0k

0%

Ivano-Frankivsk Region → Sevastopol City

0k

0%

Kyiv Region → Sevastopol City

0k

0%

Kirovohrad Region → Sevastopol City

0k

0%

Luhansk Region → Sevastopol City

0k

0%

Lviv Region → Sevastopol City

0k

0%

Mykolaiv Region → Sevastopol City

0k

0%

Odesa Region → Sevastopol City

0k

0%

Poltava Region → Sevastopol City

0k

0%

Rivne Region → Sevastopol City

0k

0%

Sumy Region → Sevastopol City

0k

0%

Ternopil Region → Sevastopol City

0k

0%

Kharkiv Region → Sevastopol City

0k

0%

Kherson Region → Sevastopol City

0k

0%

Khmelnytskyi Region → Sevastopol City

0k

0%

Cherkasy Region → Sevastopol City

0k

0%

Chernivtsi Region → Sevastopol City

0k

0%

Chernihiv Region → Sevastopol City

0k

0%

Kyiv City → Sevastopol City

0k

0%

Overseas Constituency → Sevastopol City

0k

0%


Vodafone vs the Register: net migration compared by region

Before comparing the numbers, it is important to note a key difference in the nature of the measurement: the two sources record movement at different “depths”.

– In the Vodafone data, a move is recorded only when a subscriber crosses a district boundary. A change of address within the same settlement or the same district is not counted.

– The Register, by contrast, records any change of electoral address, including moves within a single settlement: moving between neighbouring houses formally qualifies as a “change of address”.

As a result, the “Vodafone indicator” captures actual movement at district level and above, whereas the “Register indicator” captures legal changes of address of any scale. This should be borne in mind when comparing absolute figures.

The comparison covers 22 regions for which both sources have data. The sign of the net balance matched in 14 of 22 regions (64%): 9 show an inflow in both, 5 an outflow in both; in 8 the signs differ (Kyiv City, Volyn Region, Cherkasy Region, Zhytomyr Region, Ternopil Region, Chernihiv Region, Khmelnytskyi Region, Dnipropetrovsk Region).

The largest inflow according to both sources is led by Kyiv City for Vodafone and Kyiv Region for the Register; the largest outflow by Kharkiv Region.

The Register overstates growth relative to Vodafone most strongly in Kharkiv Region, Mykolaiv Region and Zaporizhzhia Region, where official changes of electoral address run ahead of the actual movement of subscribers. The opposite effect — Vodafone sees more growth than the Register — appears in Kyiv City, Lviv Region and Zakarpattia Region, which is typical of regions where people stay temporarily without registering officially.

Measuring the gap at different levels

Inter-regional level. The Register recorded 0.5 million official inter-regional changes of electoral address. Actual (extrapolated) inter-regional mobility according to Vodafone stands at 1.2 million people. The official coverage rate for inter-regional migration is therefore ≈ 42% (0.5 million ÷ 1.2 million). In other words, around 58% (roughly 0.7 million people) actually live in a region other than the one given in their electoral address. Since the 1.2 million figure covers only movements with an identified destination (and 83% of all migrations recorded by the operator have an undefined destination), the real coverage rate is lower still than 42%.

Outward migration level. Migration abroad over 2022–2025 may amount to around 5.2 million people. The Register, meanwhile, reflects migration abroad through the “Overseas Constituency”, where arrivals total just 45,000 people. The official coverage rate for outward migration is ≈ 1% (0.045 million ÷ 5.2 million). In other words, around 99% of voters are abroad while retaining an electoral address at their pre-war place of residence in Ukraine.

Intra-regional migration. At this level the ratio is reversed: the Register records 1.4 million intra-regional changes of address against 0.64 million according to Vodafone. This does not mean the official data are more complete — it follows directly from the different nature of the metrics. Vodafone counts only those intra-regional moves that crossed a district boundary; the Register records any change of electoral address, including purely local moves. The substantially higher Register figure at this level is therefore due entirely to the broader scope of the metric itself, not to greater accuracy.

Possible reasons for the discrepancies

The discrepancies identified are not the result of an error in the Register — they stem from systemic factors:

1
Changing an electoral address is voluntary
Updating a record in the Register is an action the citizen has to initiate. IDPs are under no legal obligation to change their electoral address and instead use a separate mechanism for temporarily changing their polling station, which does not show up in the Register's net figures.
2
The consular procedure barrier
Registration in the Overseas Constituency requires an application to a Ukrainian diplomatic mission abroad. The majority of the 5.2 million people who left do not go through this procedure.
3
Legal inertia regarding occupied territories
Voters have physically left Crimea, Sevastopol, and the Kherson, Luhansk and Donetsk Regions, yet their "old" electoral addresses are still held in the Register. The change recorded for these regions is negative, but it does not reflect the true picture.
4
The data record different things
The Register records a legal fact, often with a substantial time lag, whereas mobile operator data records actual presence. The two sources measure different phenomena: "where a citizen is registered" versus "where a citizen physically is".

Geographical patterns of the discrepancies

The Register underestimates arrivals: western Ukraine and the capital. In the receiving regions, the actual increase significantly exceeds the official figure:

  • Kyiv City: Vodafone records growth of +58,000, while the Register records the opposite — an outflow of −5,400; the gap is around 63,200 people, with opposite signs;
  • Lviv Region: +32,000 according to Vodafone against +1,300 according to the Register (a gap of 30,000);
  • Zakarpattia Region: +27,400 against +4,800 (a gap of 22,700).

These regions took in a significant number of displaced people who actually live there but have not re-registered their electoral address, regarding their stay as temporary.

The Register underestimates departures: eastern and southern Ukraine. In the frontline regions a catastrophic actual outflow is barely reflected in the official net figures — and that is despite the fact that, methodologically, the observation of subscriber movements in these regions was significantly limited:

  • Kharkiv Region: Vodafone records an outflow of −102,200, the Register only −8,900; a gap of 93,300 people (the largest of all);
  • Zaporizhzhia Region: −27,500 against −8,300 (a gap of 19,300);
  • Mykolaiv Region: −22,100 against −2,000 (a gap of 20,100).

The population has effectively left the combat zone and the areas adjacent to it, but the electoral address has stayed at the former location. The Register still records voters at addresses the population has already left.

The mismatch between the Register and the actual distribution of the population has direct practical consequences:

1
Distorted electoral geography
A mismatch between the number of registered voters and their actual presence changes the "weight" of a vote and complicates the delineation of constituencies. This poses critical risks for a proportional system with open lists, since the size of the electoral quota and the distribution of seats depend directly on the real number of voters.
2
Risks to electoral infrastructure
Polling stations at the place of legal registration will be formally overloaded with voters who are not actually there, and under-used where people really live.
3
A challenge for post-war elections
Without a large-scale update of the Register, active voter registration and promotion of the mechanism for temporarily changing a polling station, organising voting for millions of displaced voters is logistically unfeasible.
4
Socio-economic planning
The distribution of educational, medical and social infrastructure relies on official data. Because of the critical gap between registration and actual place of residence, state provision in these areas will not match real demand.

Region

Vodafone net

Register net

Difference (Register − Vodafone)

Kyiv City

57 820

-5 400

-63 220

Kyiv Region

34 511

28 869

-5 642

Lviv Region

31 659

1 282

-30 377

Zakarpattia Region

27 404

4 754

-22 650

Odesa Region

20 123

5 800

-14 323

Chernivtsi Region

16 603

2 600

-14 003

Ivano-Frankivsk Region

15 247

8 273

-6 974

Poltava Region

10 236

3 828

-6 408

Kirovohrad Region

8 751

258

-8 493

Rivne Region

6 316

2 505

-3 811

Volyn Region

-2 770

3 277

6 047

Cherkasy Region

-3 068

4 721

7 789

Zhytomyr Region

-6 595

1 064

7 659

Ternopil Region

-8 019

3 900

11 919

Sumy Region

-9 783

-1 860

7 923

Chernihiv Region

-10 144

51

10 195

Khmelnytskyi Region

-11 444

5 206

16 650

Dnipropetrovsk Region

-12 358

2 297

14 655

Vinnytsia Region

-12 660

-237

12 423

Mykolaiv Region

-22 123

-2 038

20 085

Zaporizhzhia Region

-27 527

-8 275

19 252

Kharkiv Region

-102 179

-8 900

93 279

There have been 1.2 million inter-regional and 640,000 intra-regional moves, as well as 5.2 million departures abroad, peaking at 46.2% in 2022. After the peak year, annual outward migration stabilised at 0.86–0.99 million people — it became “chronic” rather than ceasing. These figures represent the lower bound of movement.

The gap between the Register and actual settlement is systemic and critical. The Register reflects less than half of inter-regional migration and around 1% of migration abroad. The electoral address of millions of voters does not correspond to where they actually are.

The geography of the discrepancies. In western Ukraine and the capital the Register underestimates arrivals (Kyiv City — a gap of 63,000 and an opposite sign for the net balance); in the east and the south it underestimates departures (the Kharkiv Region — a gap of 93,000). Vodafone and the Register agree on the sign of the net balance in only 64% of cases (14 of 22 regions).

At the intra-regional level the imbalance runs the other way. The Register “sees” more movement (1.4 million against 0.64 million according to Vodafone), but this is not a more accurate reflection of reality — it follows from the broader scope of the metric: the Register records any change of address, including a move within a single settlement, whereas Vodafone records only movement beyond the district.

The reasons for the discrepancies are systemic, not errors. The voluntary nature of changing an electoral address for IDPs, the consular barrier for those abroad, legal inertia regarding the occupied territories, and the different nature of how the data are recorded. None of these factors stems from a technical error in the Register — they are structural characteristics.

Incorporate border-crossing data into the Register. Given the unprecedented scale of emigration, the Register must be synchronised with the databases of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine. A legal mechanism is needed to temporarily flag voters who have been abroad for longer than a defined period (for example, over one year), so that the number of voters inside the country can be calculated correctly without depriving anyone of the right to vote.

Regulate the status of electoral addresses in occupied territories and combat zones. A legal framework is needed for the millions of electoral addresses in the territories occupied since 2014 and 2022. Instead of retaining nominal (de facto inactive) addresses, it would be advisable to introduce a procedure for temporarily “freezing” them, while encouraging voters who have moved to government-controlled territory to register at their new actual place of residence.

Encourage proactive updating of electoral addresses. The state must change its approach to voter registration and make it as accessible as possible. A broad information campaign should be launched and the tools for changing an electoral address integrated into the Diia ecosystem, so that migrants and IDPs update their details well before the electoral process begins.

Conduct a nationwide mobility study involving all mobile operators. The state is fully able to initiate its own, more comprehensive study of subscriber movement using combined anonymised data from the three largest mobile operators (Vodafone, Kyivstar and Lifecell), which would yield accurate absolute figures instead of extrapolation errors. The resulting dataset should be cross-referenced with the key state databases that record citizens’ actual whereabouts (the registers of the State Border Guard Service, IDPs, the Electronic Health System, subsidy recipients and insured persons). Implemented on a sound legal basis and in compliance with data protection requirements, this would provide an accurate official basis for verifying and updating the Register ahead of the post-war elections.

Conduct a comprehensive audit of the Register before the post-war elections. Since the current Register has lost its relevance as a reflection of the “actual electoral geography”, the first step in preparing for the post-war electoral cycle should be a nationwide update of the Register. All available sources and cross-register verification should be used. Citizens’ actual whereabouts can be confirmed through other state databases that record real presence: the registers of IDPs and housing-subsidy recipients, the Electronic Health System (declarations with doctors), the register of insured persons (place of employment/tax payments) and so on.

The calculations use data from the mobile operator Vodafone Ukraine.

Data: the mobile operator Vodafone Ukraine.

Time frame: 23 February 2022 – 1 March 2026.

Reference dates: as of 23.02.2022 and 01.03.2026.

Priority breakdowns: gender, age, social status. The operator’s share of the total number of subscribers over the period was also calculated, for extrapolation.

Gender: male, female, unknown.

Age groups: 0–17, 18–34, 35–49, 50–69, 70+, unknown.

Social status: schoolchild, university student, employee, self-employed, pensioner, other, unknown.

Objective: to quantify and identify trends in population movement after 24 February 2022, and to assess the feasibility of updating the State Voter Register to reflect the actual distribution of citizens.

Permanent place of residence (PPR) – the subscriber’s home location as defined by the operator’s methodology, calculated from the last three full months before the reference date.

Internal movement – a change of district or region between the two point-in-time snapshots (23.02.2022 and 01.03.2026); the intermediate trajectory is not tracked.

Departure abroad – recorded annually only. The region of departure is the last place of residence before leaving. Departure to the territory of Russia or Belarus also counts as departure abroad. Movement to temporarily occupied territory was not counted as departure abroad.

The calculation uses the average Vodafone penetration rate in the region and the number of SIM cards per capita.

Vodafone data × ( 1 ÷ penetration rate ) SIM cards per capita

Since Vodafone covers only part of the market, absolute values were obtained by extrapolation to the subscriber base of all operators, on the assumption that their subscribers behave similarly.

The Donetsk, Luhansk and Kherson Regions, the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol are excluded from the internal-migration analysis at the request of the operator’s security service. These restrictions were not applied to outward migration.

Also excluded are the areas bordering Russia and Belarus, and parts of the Zaporizhzhia and Kharkiv Regions. A map of the excluded area is shown below.

If a subscriber moved their permanent residence into a restricted area, they fell into the “unknown location” category.

Subscribers whose region of arrival could not be determined during a move. This category may include:

  • people who moved abroad and deactivated their SIM card;
  • people who remained in temporarily occupied territory;
  • subscribers who switched to another operator;
  • subscribers with very low network activity;
  • people who moved their permanent residence into an area subject to security restrictions.

Movements with an undefined destination account for the majority of all recorded migrations. Records with an unknown location have been excluded from the analysis.

Important: the analysis quantifies only the smaller part of recorded movement — the part with an identified destination. The figures presented are strictly a lower bound of confirmed movements, so the actual scale of mobility, and of the gap with the Register, is appreciably larger.

  • Two snapshots rather than a trajectory. Interim movements, returns and multi-stage routes are not captured.
  • Renaming of districts. The renamed (decolonised) names are used (Chervonohrad → Sheptytskyi, Krasnohrad → Berestyn, and so on).
  • Break in observation. For the occupied territories, the loss of mobile coverage shows up as “zero” figures in later years.
  • Effect of the extrapolation hypothesis. It is the ratios and trends, rather than the specific numbers, that should be treated as accurate.
  • Different nature of the sources. Vodafone (actual presence) versus the Register (legal address) — the two sources measure different phenomena.

To better understand the nature of the migration waves triggered by targeted attacks on the energy sector and critical infrastructure, see OPORA’s other analytical reports:

  • How Russia’s targeted strikes on Kyiv in May 2023 affected population migration. A joint study by the OPORA Civil Network, the International Centre for Ukrainian Victory and Kyivstar (2023) showed how, between 15 April and 15 June 2023, some Kyiv residents left the city for temporary respite from relentless terror. At the same time, sufficient air defence proved the decisive factor in averting a critical situation and a panic-driven, irreversible mass exodus of residents.
  • How Russian strikes between October 2022 and January 2023 affected population migration in Ukraine. A study by the OPORA Civil Network, the International Centre for Ukrainian Victory and Vodafone (2024) analysed the impact of Russian shelling on migration in Ukraine from October 2022 to January 2023. The report establishes a clear causal link between massive missile strikes on energy infrastructure and peak waves of Ukrainians leaving the country.

Area excluded from the analysis and the temporarily occupied territory

Because of how the data are collected, some subscribers in the border zones cannot be tied precisely to a specific region — this zone is excluded from the analysis (shown in black). The temporarily occupied territory, according to DeepStateMap, is shown separately in red.